Communication is an interactive process of exchange among individuals that generates and receives transactions of information, thoughts, feelings, and values. Effective communication is culturally sensitive and employs principles of communication theory, including empathic listening, positive regard, respectful invitation, and mutual decision-making. The process of communication is fundamental to nursing practice and is used to develop all of the processes of nursing through the use of multiple expressive caring modes and through the use of advanced information and communication technologies. Effective communication is integral to both therapeutic and professional interactions with individuals and groups throughout the life span, including end-of-life.
Therapeutic communication involves the client and the nurse in an interactive process of empathic understanding. Through this process, the meaning of experiences is shared, resulting in mutual understanding of the associated affective and behavioral outcomes. The process also invites the participation of the client in health-enhancing behaviors. Professional communication involves sharing health information with colleagues, advocating for clients, and representing the profession to others.
